THE REALISM
"The realist, if he is an artist, will seek not to show us the photographs of ordinary life, but to tell us more complete, more striking, more convincing than reality itself. "
Maupassant, preface by Peter and John
Gleaners Jean-Francois Millet, 1857 How to read a page realistic?
How to write "like" Flaubert?
"The nature of this language is clear, logical, nervous" , preface by Peter and John , Maupassant
"What is conceived well is expressed clearly " , Nicolas Boileau, "Art of Poetry"
THE REALISM: conciseness and impassive Flaubert ( the "de-lyre" realistic)
"silent Emma watched the turning wheels" , Madame Bovary
"like" Flaubert: find the concise style of Flaubert
[Suddenly the Marseillaise rang and Frederick Hussonnet and leaned over the railing to see the people rushing the stairs and shook in waves dizzying bare heads, helmets, red caps, bayonets and shoulders. We only heard the trampling of all shoes that were mixed at rapping voice, however, that the crowd was content to look harmless.]
"Poor little woman! It yawns after love like a carp after water on a kitchen table. " Flaubert Madame Bovary
"There is in me, literally speaking, two different fellows: one that is steeped in gueulades, lyricism, large flocks of eagles, all the sounds of the sentence and the peaks of the idea, one that widens the search and as long as true may ", Letter to Louise Colet, January 16, 1852
" Emma Bovary is me and not me " , Flaubert
"Do not judge me based on this novel. I am not of the generation you are talking about - at least by the heart. I want to be of yours, I mean good, that of 1830. All my love is there. I'm an old romantic mad, or crusted, whichever you like. ", Letter to Sainte-Beuve after his article on Madame Bovary , May 5, 1857
cf. the romantic vistas of Madame Bovary that give character to the polyphonic novel.
"This is the contradiction that gives life in literature" , Balzac, Lost Illusions
"The nature of this language is clear, logical, nervous" , preface by Peter and John , Maupassant
"What is conceived well is expressed clearly" , Nicolas Boileau, "Ars Poetica"
MOVEMENTS - THE REALISM: how to read a page realistic?
The novel and its characters: visions of man and the world
The reality effect: mirror of reality?
"All is true". ..
Factsheet : realism in the story of nineteenth century (P. 231)
Corpus sequence 15 (pp. 219-229)
Questions 1 and 2 (p. 221)
Questions 1, 2 , 3, 4, 5 + "one text to another" (p. 229)
Documents handouts :
The incipit and portraits realistic novels of the nineteenth century
The topic Essay No. 16
Manual French : the novel, a mirror that strolls along a path " , Stendhal (sample essay written, p. 539)
realistic novels: The Red and the Black , Stendhal Goriot, Balzac Madame Bovary, Flaubert Bel Ami , A Life , and Jean Pierre , Maupassant
reading programs or manifestos :
Balzac, Preface to The Human Comedy , 1842
Maupassant, preface by Peter and John
"The truth can sometimes not be probable"
Maupassant, preface by Peter and John
In fact, the "Realism" is impossible.
Any depiction of "real" is reading (re-) art, the sense of artifice.
Any didactic implies a transformation of the "real" , mediation.
The novel tells "naturalist" follows the logic of realism.
THE "DE-LYRE" realistic
precursors of realism belong to the generation romantic in 1830 . Breaking with the idealization of earlier centuries , they show the desire to paint the first comprehensive manner (Balzac) and minute (Stendhal) the real components in its psychological, social and historical . They are committed to observe the manners and give the illusion of reality by placing the action in reality . The places described deviennt accurate representations of reality.
Stendhal The Red and the Black " Chronicle 1830 "
Balzac, La Comedie humaine
Zola The natural and social history of a family under the Second Empire (the Rougon-Macquart series)
Observation:
With Flaubert and the realists of 1850, this current mainly romantic specific objectives: to distance himself from the romantic idealization , "paint the top and the bottom of things " says Flaubert "make nice" with the "make real" . This ambition is accompanied by a hunt Documentary "details" reveal the nature of things as that of individuals in their interaction with the social environment .
Novelist realistic rivals painting, history and science (the exact sciences and human sciences emerging, sociology and psychology).
It seeks to replicate reality the daily (Balzac would have opened "the novel where you eat" ), to explore all social backgrounds (the people as the bourgeoisie), to take into account the scientific explanations of human behavior.
He develops his sense of observation ( "inventories auctioneer" , the meticulous descriptions of Balzac "the description itself is the action" ) and accurately describes the spatial-temporal framework in which the characters are inseparable ( space becomes "human secretory" ): "her whole person involves the pension as the board says the person ", Balzac, Le Pere Goriot )
The" reality effects " (or " referential illusion ") : the aesthetic aims objectively.
Characterization of character begins with his name or surname. Other features are mainly physical, psychological or moral. All are designed to lend an autonomous existence and give it life and consistency in the reader's imagination.
social survey: the character is particularly characterized by historically and socially a condition and / or beliefs and his "voice" , that is to say style of his language , regardless of how his words are reported (direct speech, indirect or indirect free as often Flaubert and Zola). In Goriot Balzac, Rastignac is "son of a noble family" , Julien Sorel in The Red and the Black Stendhal is "son of a lumberjack" and admirer of Napoleon.
=> essay assignment # 16: "A realistic novel is a novel that brings to vivid life in a meticulously detailed - they are inseparable from the rest - characters who are both types and individuals ".
To reinforce these effects, the novelist often used internal focalization and free indirect discourse . He uses (and sometimes abuse) of a technical vocabulary, the true detail.
portraits of Ms. Vauquer ( Goriot , Balzac), Catherine Leroux ( Madame Bovary, Flaubert), Jeanne ( A Life , Maupassant).
The spatial-temporal framework: the portrait of the characters is part of a description of life that often precedes her entrance (description Verrières in The Red and the Black Stendhal , the pension Vauquer in Goriot Balzac or the passage of the Pont Neuf in Zola Therese Raquin). The "captatio benevolontiae" the incipit appears more varied: the description of spatial-temporal framework, a scene (the arrival of the new and the ruckus of the schoolroom in Madame Bovary by Flaubert), a portrait in action ( Bel Ami de Maupassant). The hero is often described as static (see the first picture of Rastignac): Zola depicts the arrival of Etienne Lantier Montsou mine in Germinal or that of Denise and her brothers in Au Bonheur des ladies.
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